COT RUNE CLASS - Group 2 Lesson 1

[SilverClaw]

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Ok in order to get some discussion going please do this small assignment by researching and answering the following questions. Please include your sources whether it is books or web sites.


How many types of runes are out there ? (I can think of at least 4, what do you think?)

What are the differences between these runes? (And a hint there are 3 major differences.)



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[Clockwork_Eros]

"Hmmm, actually this is a difficult first question, as it requires a definition:

What is a rune?

"Technically", runes are Norse.

But then again, you could count enochian writing as runes. You could count ogham as runes. You could probably even get away with saying that early cave paintings are runes. all depends on the definition.

Again, what is a rune?
I'm using the germanic/norse-ish idea I grew up on.
My Information comes from whatever I have learned along the way, but most if not all can be found in Runelore: A Handbook of Esoteric Runology by Edred Thorsson.

(I am leaving the o's and a's in some things romanicized, because it is easier for everyone to view, I don't know if servers or browsers or whatnot react differently.)
The sets that I know of:

-early Runes- (pre 800c.e)

Frisian Runes (No complete Furthark(furthorc), but a few inscribed artifacts. About sixteen such artifacts have been found, dating from the sixth to the ninth century)

English Furthorc (since about 700 c.e. expanded from the traditional germanic 24 staves to 26 staves, and modifications to the fourth and twenty-fourth runes)

-Viking Age-(800-1100c.e)

Elder Furthark (been in use since about 600c.e Evovled into the Younger Furthark has 24 staves)

Younger Furthark (evolved from elder, by 800c.e, had only 16 staves)

Common Nordic Furthark & Standard Nordic Furthark (Very similar. swaps the placement of mannaz and lagu. (m and l runestaves) and has different staves for the 'm' rune)

Danish Furthark (used from ninth to eleventh century, was the model for some later developments)

Rok (Rök) Furthark (A simplified offshoot of the Danish Furthark, used by 850 in southern Norway and Ostergotland Sweden)

Halsinga (Hälsinga) Furthark (an even more simplified version of the Danish Furthark, found in Halsinga province)
-
Medieval Runes- (1100-1600c. e)

Dotted Furthark (has dots to differentiate sounds. Eventually converted to the runic alphabet. used as early as the tenth century)

Runic Alphabet (Germania/Scandinavia 13th and 14th centuries. A Latinized (every rune has a roman letter equivilant) version of the runes)

-Modern Runes- (1600-now )

Stogoticistic Runes (revival of runic lore,based on gothic mythology of middle ages, Sweden was 'dominant' as the original gothic nation, and it was a whole patriotic culture fest. Not really a set, more a movement, and a jumble of history)

Adulrunes (developed by Johannes Bureus (Johan Bure 1568-1652) developed in 1600ce, Mysto-magical blend of christian, hebrew, germanic ideas. It was the beginning of scientific runology)

*sidenote: Jacob de la Gardie wrote to his field commanders during the Thirty Years war in runes, which served as a code

~OTHER~
American runestones (highly controversial mumbo.)

Hex Signs (Yup, the pennsylvania dutch hex signs are runic, and a form of germanic folk magic)

Turkic runes (from Turkey. used from about 8th century. again, similarities between germainc and turkish, but latter is mainly an alphabet)

Hungarian Runes (have some close similarities to the germanic runes, but used more as an alphabet)

Bindrunes. (Bindrunes are a combination of the runes, drawn to get a generally synergystic effect, and encompass an Idea that one rune alone could not suffice for)"



Cheating!! ^_^

My source is the book, "Runelore" by Edred Thorsson. Also I am using stuff that I have learned over many years, from mouth and website and books that I cannot remember. Oh and http://www.sunnyway.com/runes/origins.html

The differences are that I can think of are the number of staves, the individual shapes, the era of creation (different sets were created at different times in different areas), the area of creation, and the purpose of the set.

[SilverClaw]

Great Post Ce, who is next

[ollathair]

How many types of runes are out there ? (I can think of at least 4, what do you think?)

I'm not even sure I understand the question? Ummmm, I have heard of Elder Futhark, Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon Futhark, Danish Runes and, coming from the North of England, Northumbrian Runes. There are probably a gazillion more but, hey, I don't know runes *sigh*

What are the differences between these runes? (And a hint there are 3 major differences.)

The differences, other than the basic shape of some of the runes themselves, are beyond me? I'm sorry ... I need another clue?

[SilverClaw]

But why a clue you were doing so good!!

[ollathair]

Originally Posted by Bran Iolair

But why a clue you were doing so good!!

*sigh* Thank you but it made my head hurt

Here goes nothing LOL

What are the differences between these runes?

OK, I will attempt a guess that, other than the basic shapes of some of the runic symbols (letters?) themselves, the actual meanings of those symbols differ inasmuch as the uses for say, healing, as opposed to divination? And, am I right in my understanding, that runes were/are/can be used as a calendar? Plus, they can be used as talismans? So, they are not merely a divination tool? I've probably just lost the plot of the question now LOL But there's an answer, if not the one I was supposed to give

[Queenorivers]

I think there are very many different types, norwegian/swedish, african, anglo-saxon etc etc, between the different countries the runes differ in shape, material made from and inscriptions (symbols) as sometimes different symbols are used.

[Phoenix Risingstar]

BTW, Bran, I can find nothing about "Aramic Futhark". Could you give me a reference or two, please? Perhaps they are known by another name?

Thanks,
Phoenix

[Prickle]

Main Entry: rune
Pronunciation: 'rün
Function: noun
Etymology: Old Norse & Old English r'un mystery, runic character, writing; akin to Old High German r'una secret discussion, Old Irish rún mystery
Date: 1690
1 : any of the characters of any of several alphabets used by the Germanic peoples from about the 3d to the 13th centuries
2 : MYSTERY, MAGIC
3 : [Finnish runo, of Germanic origin; akin to Old Norse r'un] a : a Finnish or Old Norse poem b : POEM, SONG
- ru·nic /'rü-nik/ adjective[rune illustration]

Kinds of Runes:

Elder Futhark (24 characters), Anglo-Saxon and Frisian Futhorcs (between 29 and 33 characters), Younger Futhark (16 Characters).

There are variations in other Germanic cultures but all can be traced back to the Elder Futhark.

There are also modern variations of runes such as the Armanen Runes, Goddess Runes and Ralph Blum's rune interpretations. All of these involve channeled information of some sort and are not based on any substantiated historical information.

Differences in written runes can be seen in the number of characters in the various Futharks and Futhorcs and the order those characters are placed.

Other differences are in they way the characters were written. Originally the runes where carved in straight lines, probably because that was the easiest way to carve them on wood or stone, but over time some curved characters were used.

There were also variations in how many staves or lines each rune contained such as short stave runes and staveless runes that were a type of runic shorthand as well as runes written in types of cyphers that could be described as secret code.

A rune can also be a poetic charm or incantation used for a magical purpose such as for healing wounds.


http://www.angelfire.com/on/Wodensha...erfuthark.html

http://www.luth.se/luth/present/swed...overview.shtml

http://www.algonet.se/~tanprod/zerun16.htm

http://www.hum.ku.dk/ami/am28.html

http://www.arild-hauge.com/eindex.htm

http://www.digitalnorseman.com/runes/rneintro.html

http://my.execpc.com/~gronitz/futhar...s/armanen.html

http://www.cinemind.com/akittyer/RuneSect.html

[elfmage]

Ok, I am going to go with what are most generally thought of as "Runic" writing systems. The ones I got were;

- Elder Futhark

- Anglo-Saxon Futhorc

- Younger (Scandinavian) Futhark

- Hungarian Runes

- Turkish Runes


The main differences are; the actual appearances/constructions of the Runes, the area's in which they originated (different cultures/environments affecting their interpretations, etc), and the time in which they were created (again, different cultures creating different Runes et interpretations).


Was I at all close? :P